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How to make 1N and 1M H2SO4 ?

Now let's see how to make 1 N and 1M  H2SO4 from 98% concentrated H2SO4 . This calculation varies with concentration of H2SO4. Because density varies with concentration of H2SO4 . Now we are having density 1.84 for 98% concentrated H2SO4.  If you are going to use less concentrated H2SO4 then first find out density of it then put that value in below formula instead of 1.84 H2SO4 is liquid, so at first we need to convert H2SO4 molecular weight (gm) into volume (ml) let's use formula density = mass / volume volume = mass of HCl  / density                             98.08 / 1.84 V = 53.30 ml Here we are making 1M and 1N  H2SO4 from 98% concentrated H2SO4. If you are going to use less concentrated H2SO4 then use that percentage value in below formula rather than 98%. Let's use formula  1M H2SO4 (98%) =  53.30 ml [ V ]                100%    ...
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CARBON AND THEIR USES AND THEIR ALLOTROPES.

   Atomic no. of carbon is six ( 6 ). 
   and its electronic configuration is : 
         

 Refractive index of carbon is = 2.418
Melting point of carbon is = 3500 degree centigrade
Diamonds and graphite are the free state of carbon. 
  
Compound forms of carbon.

1)   carbon dioxide 
2)   calcium carbonate 
3)   zinc carbonate  (zinc carbonate is also called as Smith stone, zinc spar, kalamine)

Carbon has lot of industrial importance as fuel. Carbon is usefull for the formation of water gas.
 


Water gas is the combination of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. 
      





ALLOTROPY  :   property of some chemical element to exist in two or more different forms in the same physical state known as ALLOTROPY




ALLOTROPES OF CARBON 
1)  DIAMOND 
2)  GRAPHITE 
3)  FULLERENE 


DIAMOND:  diamond usually found in India, south Africa, Brazil, America, Russia, Belgium. 
                                                                    

    

In 13 century most famous kohinoor diamond found in guntur state of Andhra pradesh in india. That time weight of kohinoor was 186 carat, but now it's just 105.6 carat. In present time kohinoor is the part of crown of queen Elizabeth 2.

           
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PROPERTIES :                                                           
 Diamond is very pure and transperent form of carbon. Diamond is insoluble in all 
solvents. acid and base can't affect the diamonds. It has high melting point. Density of diamonds is 3.5 - 3.53 g/cm^3 Diamond is a topest strong natural thing. Each and every carbon atom which is present in the diamond bonded with another four carbon atoms . When we gives heat to diamond up to the 800 degree Centigrade it releases just carbon dioxide. Diamond has no free electrons hence it is non conductor of electricity. 
  


USES  :  
 
1)  As jewellery 
2)  to cut glasses 
3)  in some instruments which            are  usefull for  eyes treatment. 
4)  powder of diamonds is useful        to give shine to otherdiamonds.




GRAPHITE : graphite is mild, shiny,and conductor ofelectricity. 
Graphite usually found in Russia, america, india, neuziland in it's natural form.
             


     In 1795 French researcher Nikolas Jacques konti discovered graphite. Every patola, of graphite called as graphin. Density of graphite is 2.09 - 2.23 g/cm^3. 
 


PROPERTIES :  graphite is black, brittle, and non metal. Graphite is non soluble in lot of solvents. But it is soluble in ethanol. Each and every atoms which is present in the graphite is bonded to another three carbon atoms.
            



USES  :
  1) At a high temperature where           grease is not usefull there we          can use Graphite as lubricants.   2)  in the formation of paints.         3)  In the manufacturing of lead         of pencil with soil. 
4) it is use aselectrodein electrical       decrement.



FULLERENE : 
  Availability of fullerene is very less in the nature. Buckminster fullerene ( C = 60 ) is the first fullerene.
                        BUCKMINSTER FULLERENE

                In 1985 Richard smalley, Robert curl, James heath, seen obrayn , harold kroto, found first fullerene in rice university. In 1996 Richard smally, Robert karl, harold kroto got nobel for the research of fullerene (C 60 ).



TYPE OF FULLERENE :

C60, C70, C76, C82, C86.
  


PROPERTIES  : each molecule of fullerene contain 30 - 900 carbon atom. Fullerene is soluble in carbon sulphide and chlorobenzene.

USES :
  1) fullerene is use as catalysts in water   purification treatment,          2) and as non conductor.

 






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