science knowledge

±  How to make 1 Molar or 1 normal hcl In case of HCL molarity & Normality is same Because- Because HCL = H+ + CL-  HCL contain only one H+ ion means Basicity Of HCL is = n = 1  Normality = molarity  × n   n =  [Basicity of HCL ]  N= M×1   So  N = M (That is why in case of HCL Normality & molarity is same ) Now let's see how to make 1 N or 1M  HCL from 37% concentrated HCL This calculation varies with concentration of HCL. Because density varies with concentration of HCL . Now we are having density 1.18 for 37% concentrated HCL.  If you are going to use less concentrated HCL then first find out density of it then put that value in below formula instead of 1.18. HCL is liquid, so at first we need to convert HCL molecular weight (gm) into volume (ml) let's use formula density = mass / volume volume = mass of HCL   / density                           ...

 Vitamins are micronutrients which help perform important functions in our body. The most essential vitamins needed by our body are vitamin A , C, D, E, K and a group of B-complex vitamins. Vitamin A is required to make a pigment called Rhodopsin in our eyes. Rhodopsin helps us to see in low light conditions. Thus, without vitamin A, rhodopsin won't be produced, causing night-blindness . Source of vitamin A : yellow, red and green (leafy) vegetables, such as spinach , carrots, sweet potatoes and red peppers. yellow fruit, such as mango, papaya and apricots. Vitamin C and E are antioxidants . Unstable free radicals damage our cell's DNA, leading to illness or cancer. Vitamin C and E neutralize the free radicals, preventing cell damage. Source of vitamin C and E : Citrus Fruits . Raw citrus fruits are very high in vitamin C.... • Broccoli.... • Red Cabbage.... • Kiwi.... • Bell Peppers. Vitamin D helps our body to  absorb calcium to build strong bones. And it also helps to...

  A heart attack or myocardial infarction is the complete blockage of blood flow to a part of the heart, causing its muscle cells to die. Image of complete blockage of blood flow A network of blood vessels called coronary arteries continuously supply oxygenated blood to muscle cells of heart to keep them working properly. Coronary Arteries of the Heart However, due to bad lifestyle choices and stress , Image of stress   cholesterol and fats start building in these arteries reducing blood flow to the muscle cells. This buildup is called plaque . Plaque is the main culprit behind most heart attacks. Image of heart attack  When plaque ruptures, a blood clot forms around it causing the artery to get completely blocked. The blood then cannot pass further to that part of the heart. Thus, due to lack of oxygen, the muscle cells in that part die. This condition is called a heart attack.

   If we consume a lot of sugar, then it can lead to serious health problems. For example: Image of sugar  A hormone called leptin tells our brain when to stop eating. However, consuming excess fructose which is a type of sugar can cause leptin resistance , a condition in which our brain does not respond to leptin. Hence, we overeat, resulting in obesity . Moreover, excess sugar is converted into a type of fat called triglycerides . Triglycerides can enter the bloodstream and form fatty deposits or plaques in blood vessels, increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke etc.  Image of heart attack  Excess sugar can even bind to collagen and elastin in our skin, damaging them and thus, making our skin saggy and wrinkly. Image of saggy and wrinkly skin .   Studies have also shown that women who have one or more sugary drinks per day are more likely to develop diabetes . Image of sugary drink. That's why  we need to stop consuming excess ...

   Onions consist of amino acid sulfoxides .  When we cut an onion, millions of onions cells rupture,  releasing the amino acid sulfoxides along with some special enzymes . Image of onions          These special enzymes react with amino acid sulfoxides to  form a chemical called   Syn-propanethial-S-oxide .  Amino acids sulfoxides  Syn-propanethial-S-oxide This chemical is volatile , that is, it easily evaporates at   normal temperature, forming a gas.         When this gas reaches to our eyes, it reacts with the substance that keeps our eyes lubricated and forms mild sulfuric acid .   This sulfuric acid gives us a burning sensation.   Now, in order to wash off this acid, our lacrimal glands    produce a disinfecting liquid . But when our eyes cannot hold any extra amount of disinfecting liquid, it starts to fall down, making us cry.

  Let's have a look at the advantages of cold showers: Cold shower Firstly , as we are warm-blooded , the sudden sensation of cold water awakens our body, thus making us feel fresh and alert.  Secondly , many scientists believe that when our body suddenly comes in contact with cold water, it sends a jolt of electrical impulses to our brain, helping boost our mood in the process.  Lastly , cold showers may contribute to weight loss as our body might burn more fat to generate heat. Hot showers have the following advantages:            Hot shower Firstly , scientists believe that hot showers lead to the release a hormone called oxytocin , easing anxiety and stress.  Secondly , as hot showers can help clear the nasal passage , they might be beneficial for a person suffering from cold.  Thirdly , hot water can help release tension and stiffness in our muscles.  Lastly , hot water can kill bacteria, thus preventing infections.

    Dry ice is basically solid carbon dioxide and it's  chemical formula  is  CO ₂. The surface temperature of a dry ice block is about  -78 degrees Celsius or -109 degrees Fahrenheit.  This means it is much cooler than ordinary ice which is made up of water . If dry ice comes in contact with our skin, our cells begin to freeze and  die  within seconds, thus giving us severe frostbite. In addition to this, storing dry ice in airtight containers can be  dangerous . Do you know why? This is because dry ice sublimates, i.e., it directly gets converted from solid state to gaseous state . Hence, in airtight containers, the gas produced can build up and exert pressure on the walls of container which can lead to a dangerous explosion. Dry ice is dangerous but it is also useful as cooling agent and to create dramatic scenes in theater by using fog machines . 

Please don't sleep under tree at night .  It is quite harmful.      See, during night you are not able to breathe properly, right? Do you know why? This is because during the day, in the presence of sunlight, plants takes in carbon dioxide and release oxygen in the process of photosynthesis . That is why production of oxygen is more than the production of  carbon dioxide during daytime.  Hence, if we sleep under a tree during daytime, we may get a  good amount of oxygen, thus giving us a nice sleep. However, at night, plants do not perform photosynthesis due to the absence of sunlight.  But respiration still goes on.  Hence, as compared to oxygen, the proportion of carbon  dioxide around the trees is more. It is not good for humans health.  Thus, if we sleep under a tree at night, we may feel suffocated due to lack of oxygen. Moreover, inhalation of excess carbon dioxide is harmful to  human beings. Therefore, it is not go...

 After  alpha , beta, gamma , and  delta plus  variant of covid-19 the new variant of covid-19  omicron  has came in market and has already started to spread all over the world.  Origin of omicron :   According to recent information County  Botswana  of the South Africa was place place where first case of omicron found. But it's not true actually south Africa was the one who informed all world about new variant omicron. That was south africa goodness.  After all this time, now know we know where omicron really came from. Now Netherland, Belgium and Germany revealed that omicron was already present in our country's before south Africa. According to Netherlands on November 19th they took some samples from Corona affected people and that's when they realized there is new variant of covid-19 and now they have announced  lockdown  in Netherland. In Netherland theaters, Bar, restaurants, will be close after 5 o.clock . That's me...

 Our teeth basically consist of three parts. The outermost part is enamel . Enamel is white in color. Beneath the enamel, there is dentine . It is yellow in color. Then comes the part called pulp , which has blood vessels and nerves . Now, when we drink or eat acidic fruits and beverages like lemon, orange juice, soft drinks , etc., they erode or wear away the outermost part called enamel and start exposing the yellow color dentine and thus, making teeth appear yellow. However, did you know that some people's teeth are naturally yellowish ? This is because in such people, the layer of enamel is thin, causing the yellow color of the dentine to appear more clearly and thus, making their teeth appear naturally yellow.

        E lectricity is the flow of electrons through conductors . It always takes the easiest route, i.e., electricity always flows through a path of least resistance .      electricity flows are made of copper . Copper offers least resistance and is a very good conductor of electricity. However, the bird's body offers greater resistance and is not a good conductor as copper. Hence, electricity ignores the bird and flows through the cables and birds don't get electrocuted.      B esides this, electricity flows from its highest potential to its lowest potential . Now, the power cables usually run at different potentials. If bird's feet are on the same power cable, then they are at same potential. Thus, the bird doesn't get electrocuted. However, when the bird touches two cables with different potentials at the same time, then electricity will flow through the bird to go to the other cable with lower potential and the bird will get elec...

       O ur kidneys filter blood by removing waste from it in the form of urine .         U rine consists of water, urea , uric acid and ions like calcium ,  sodium , oxalate and     potassium .             H owever, when some of these constituents such as uric acid, calcium and oxalate ions increase in the urine, they create  bonds amongst themselves and that's how kidney stones get formed .      O ne of the most common kidney stones is calcium oxalate .  Generally, the kidney stones are small.      H ence, they pass unnoticed through the urinary tract . However, sometimes these stones become so big that they start to scratch walls of the urinary tract and may block the path of the urine, thus causing immense pain.  Sometime it causes death. So please do not take kidney stones lightly.   

 The potassium contained in bananas protects your muscles from cramps , and the carbohydrates provide you with enough energy to endure a heavy workout. It's hard to believe but the energy you get by eating two bananas is enough for a 90-minute workout !     Bananas are rich in nutrients, vitamins, and natural sugar such as sucrose and fructose . On average, one banana contains around 20% of your daily requirement of vitamin B6 . This helps your body produce insulin, hemoglobin , and amino acids that are needed for the creation of healthy cells.    Bananas are easily digested and don't irritate the gastro-intestinal tract . Resistant starch contained in bananas is not digested and ends up in the large intestine where it serves as an effective nutritional medium for healthy bacteria .    Bananas contain a lot of iron , which stimulates the production of red blood cells . Increasing the red blood cells improves blood flow in your body. - On average, ...

                A ccording to a recent study, almonds reduce hunger and desire to eat later in the day, so eating almonds is an easy way to reduce your overall calorie intake ! - Almonds are the source of many nutrients that help in the development of the brain . Almonds contain amino acids and oils, which help your brain maintain concentration . Being one of the most powerful antioxidants ;   almonds prevent the cells of your body against premature aging. A recent study has shown that those who consume almonds five times a week have a 50% less chance to get a heart attack. -Almonds are a source of calcium , which prevents osteoporosis and strengthens your bones, teeth, and muscles. Also, these nuts contain magnesium and potassium , which are essential for healthy bones as well. - Almonds are an excellent source of monounsaturated fats and some polyunsaturated fats that help reduce bad cholesterol . In case you are pregnant, you sh...