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How to make 1N and 1M H2SO4 ?

Now let's see how to make 1 N and 1M  H2SO4 from 98% concentrated H2SO4 . This calculation varies with concentration of H2SO4. Because density varies with concentration of H2SO4 . Now we are having density 1.84 for 98% concentrated H2SO4.  If you are going to use less concentrated H2SO4 then first find out density of it then put that value in below formula instead of 1.84 H2SO4 is liquid, so at first we need to convert H2SO4 molecular weight (gm) into volume (ml) let's use formula density = mass / volume volume = mass of HCl  / density                             98.08 / 1.84 V = 53.30 ml Here we are making 1M and 1N  H2SO4 from 98% concentrated H2SO4. If you are going to use less concentrated H2SO4 then use that percentage value in below formula rather than 98%. Let's use formula  1M H2SO4 (98%) =  53.30 ml [ V ]                100%    ...

which is best covaxin or covishield

  Currently there are just two vaccines are available in India Covishield and covaxin.



Covaxin is fully india made vaccine by bharat biotech, and covishield is indian made version of astrazeneca's vaxzevria jab which has been manufacturing by pune based serum Institute of india.


How they are made?

 Covaxin is inactivated vaccine which has been prepared on trial and tested platform of Dead viruses. This vaccine is based on whole virion inactivated vector cell derived technology .

It contain inactivated viruses, despite that it doesn't affects person. Instead of that it teach  human imune system to create a defence mechanism against active viruses. 

Covishield has been prepared by using viral vector platform which is completely different from the covaccine technology. 

Chimpanzees adenovirus has been modified to carry covid-19 spike protein into human body cells



This cold virus is unable to affect human body but it can teach to our human system to create antibodies against this virus.


Both two vaccine are two dose vaccine. They inject that vaccine in upper arm muscles. 

Covaxine second dose need to be a given 4-6 weeks after first dose. in case of ,covaxin there is a very less time difference between two doses because it if create very less amount of antibodies in our body against Corona viruses but when we get a second dose of covaccine it start to create huge amount of antibodies .



But in case of covishield we can wait for 8 to 12 weeks for the second dose. Because covishield starts to create enough antibodies against Corona viruses after first dose and research has found that this amount increases with time. And there is deficiency of vaccine in the whole world that is why this gap between two doses gives enough time to Institutes for production of vaccines.


Efficiency rate of covaxin is 78% and when it comes to the covishield it is 81 %.

Side effects 

Both covishield and covaxin have reactogenic side effects. 

Pain at the injection site, fever, tenderness headache , chills, nausea abdominal pain.

 

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