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How to make 1N and 1M H2SO4 ?

Now let's see how to make 1 N and 1M  H2SO4 from 98% concentrated H2SO4 . This calculation varies with concentration of H2SO4. Because density varies with concentration of H2SO4 . Now we are having density 1.84 for 98% concentrated H2SO4.  If you are going to use less concentrated H2SO4 then first find out density of it then put that value in below formula instead of 1.84 H2SO4 is liquid, so at first we need to convert H2SO4 molecular weight (gm) into volume (ml) let's use formula density = mass / volume volume = mass of HCl  / density                             98.08 / 1.84 V = 53.30 ml Here we are making 1M and 1N  H2SO4 from 98% concentrated H2SO4. If you are going to use less concentrated H2SO4 then use that percentage value in below formula rather than 98%. Let's use formula  1M H2SO4 (98%) =  53.30 ml [ V ]                100%    ...

which is best covaxin or covishield

   Currently there are just two vaccines are available in India Covishield and covaxin. Covaxin is fully india made vaccine by bharat biotech, and covishield is indian made version of astrazeneca's vaxzevria jab which has been manufacturing by pune based serum Institute of india. How they are made?  Covaxin is inactivated vaccine which has been prepared on trial and tested platform of Dead viruses. This vaccine is based on whole virion inactivated vector cell derived technology . It contain inactivated viruses, despite that it doesn't affects person. Instead of that it teach  human imune system to create a defence mechanism against active viruses.  Covishield has been prepared by using viral vector platform which is completely different from the covaccine technology.  Chimpanzees adenovirus has been modified to carry covid-19 spike protein into human body cells This cold virus is unable to affect human body but it can teach to our human system to create ant...

What are acids and bases ?

                In simple words PH is the power of hydrogen ions or atom's. We can measure PH of   aqueous solutions by using PH meters and PH   paper.  First one is PH meter and 2nd one is PH paper. At first we must know the range of PH. You can see the range of acids and bases in the above image. If PH is 7 means solution is neutral, and if PH is between 1 -6 then solution is acidic, between 8 - 14 is basic.  If any one of them PH indicators show us solution is acidic means that solution contain more H+ ions or atoms  than OH- ions or atoms. H+ > OH-            And if any one of them PH indicator show us solution is basic means that solution contain  more OH- ions than H+ ions. H+ < OH- If we use PH meter then it will directly show us PH of solution, from that PH we can identify it's  acidic or basic or neutral.              ...